Commercial printing relies on a variety of technologies to print on different substrates, but two of the more popular techniques are flexographic printing and gravure printing.
This post is created to take a tighter examine the key dissimilarities in flexo print vs. gravure print. A better understanding of these two print technologies will guarantee that you use the right process for your use.
Flexo Printing Vs. Gravure Printing:
The disadvantages and advantages of gravure printing and flexo printing involve several factors:
Cost and lead time
Substrates
Ink
Environmental considerations
Quality
For those not familiar with one or the other, here's a quick rundown of the flexo and gravure printing processes:
BASICS OF FLEXO PRINTING
Flexo typically utilizes a polymer or elastomer image carrier. This could be a:
Sleeve
Cylinder
Plate
The image carrier is engraved to create the raised design of the final desired print. Ink is then transferred from the inkwell via an anilox roller onto the image carrier, where it is then printed onto the substrate.
Flexo printing is more commonly associated with uses in flexible plastics and other non-porous materials such as film, labels, foil, and another packaging.
Flexo is noted for producing exemplary print with fine lines and text detail.
BASICS OF GRAVURE PRINTING
The rotogravure printing process (also known as gravure) is a method of intaglio printing (Intaglio is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink.). Gravure printing works by applying ink to a substrate with the use of a metal plate that is typically mounted onto a cylinder. This plate is often made of copper or chrome.
The image or text that is intended for printing is typically laser-etched into a said metal plate, a process that often delivers high quality and precise results with good repeatability.
The Similarities
But before we get into the differences, however, let’s take a look at a few key similarities:
Both technologies involve the creation of printing sleeves, cylinders, and plates.
Both can perform long-run, high-volume printing, though flexo can be cost-effective for shorter runs.
Both are able to produce exceptional results.
Flexo Printing vs. Gravure Printing: Key Differences
Now that we’ve gone over the similarities between flexo and gravure, and explained the basic process of each, it’s time to take a look at some of the key differences:
COST AND LEAD TIME:
Gravure image carriers are typically much more expensive than flexo image carriers, making the number of prints required to break-even much higher. Gravure, however, has a longer press run time, as the cylinders do not require as frequent changing as those in the flexo printing process.
Gravure lead time is usually 3-4 times that of flexo in the time it takes to manufacture the image carrier.
SUBSTRATES:
One of the limitations of gravure printing is that it is generally better suited for porous substrates. This is one of the reasons that gravure is best suited for high-detail printing on applications such as magazine covers.
That isn’t the case with flexo printing, which is able to print on both porous and non-porous substrates, making the technology ideal for everything from film to paperboard. If you're specifically measuring flexo vs. gravure in packaging printing, you'll usually find that flexo wins.
INKS:
Another key differentiator in flexo vs. gravure is the range of inks flexo is able to print with. Gravure printing problems include a limited number of inks with which it's compatible. In most cases, the flexo printing ink is the superior choice due to the ease of printing with a wider variety of inks.
Gravure requires much more ink per print, which can drive up the cost of printing.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Due to the fact that gravure is traditionally associated with solvent-based inks (although water-based ink capabilities have been evolving), flexo is commonly considered the “greener” option.
QUALITY:
Gravure was once considered best for fine detail and tonal work, but flexo technology is further enabling prints with higher resolution and detail as it evolves -- enabling it to move into print jobs that were previously associated exclusively with gravure.
Consider the other pros and cons of gravure printing and weigh them against the slight (if any) difference in end quality you'll get with flexo.
Flexo or Gravure: The Final Decision
As you can see, there are many differences between flexo and gravure printing.
Which process is right for you? It largely depends on the job, substrate, and a variety of other factors of the job you're printing. Don't substitute one printing process for the other without thinking it through with your internal team and an external printing expert.
Get to know the difference between Flexographic Printing and Offset Printing here.
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